You can store certificate bundles and the private key in a single PKCS #12 (aka. To use new certificates, you also need a private key. PEM formatted certs are simply concatenated into one text file.DER/BER (i.e., binary version of certs) are wrapped in a special PKCS7 or even PKCS12 files.In the case of the TLS protocol, the chain is sent during the handshake. Since verification requires the complete chain, certificates are often distributed as a bundle.
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